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Coprinus comatus
''Coprinus comatus'', the shaggy ink cap, lawyer's wig, or shaggy mane, is a common fungus often seen growing on lawns, along gravel roads and waste areas. The young fruit bodies first appear as white cylinders emerging from the ground, then the bell-shaped caps open out. The caps are white, and covered with scales—this is the origin of the common names of the fungus. The gills beneath the cap are white, then pink, then turn black and secrete a black liquid filled with spores (hence the “ink cap” name). This mushroom is unusual because it will turn black and dissolve itself in a matter of hours after being picked or depositing spores.
When young it is an excellent edible mushroom provided that it is eaten soon after being collected (it keeps very badly because of the autodigestion of its gills and cap). If long-term storage is desired, microwaving, sauteing or simmering until limp will allow the mushrooms to be stored in a refrigerator for several days or frozen. Also, placing the mushrooms in a glass of ice water will delay the decomposition for a day or two so that one has time to incorporate them into a meal. Processing or icing must be done whether for eating or storage within four to six hours of harvest to prevent undesirable changes to the mushroom. The species is cultivated in China as food. The mushroom can sometimes be confused with the magpie fungus which is poisonous.
==Taxonomy==
The shaggy ink cap was first described by Danish naturalist Otto Friedrich Müller in 1780 as ''Agaricus comatus'', before being given its current binomial name in 1797 by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. Its specific name derives from ''coma'', or "hair", hence ''comatus'', "hairy" or "shaggy". Other common names include lawyer's wig,〔 and shaggy mane.
''Coprinus comatus'' is the type species for the genus ''Coprinus''. This genus was formerly considered to be a large one with well over 100 species. However, molecular analysis of DNA sequences showed that the former species belonged in two families, the Agaricaceae and the Psathyrellaceae. ''Coprinus comatus'' is the best known of the true ''Coprinus''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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